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The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business, by Charles Duhigg
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NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY
The Wall Street Journal • Financial Times
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER
A young woman walks into a laboratory. Over the past two years, she has transformed almost every aspect of her life. She has quit smoking, run a marathon, and been promoted at work. The patterns inside her brain, neurologists discover, have fundamentally changed.
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Marketers at Procter & Gamble study videos of people making their beds. They are desperately trying to figure out how to sell a new product called Febreze, on track to be one of the biggest flops in company history. Suddenly, one of them detects a nearly imperceptible pattern—and with a slight shift in advertising, Febreze goes on to earn a billion dollars a year.
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An untested CEO takes over one of the largest companies in America. His first order of business is attacking a single pattern among his employees—how they approach worker safety—and soon the firm, Alcoa, becomes the top performer in the Dow Jones.
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What do all these people have in common? They achieved success by focusing on the patterns that shape every aspect of our lives.
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They succeeded by transforming habits.
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In The Power of Habit, award-winning New York Times business reporter Charles Duhigg takes us to the thrilling edge of scientific discoveries that explain why habits exist and how they can be changed. With penetrating intelligence and an ability to distill vast amounts of information into engrossing narratives, Duhigg brings to life a whole new understanding of human nature and its potential for transformation.
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Along the way we learn why some people and companies struggle to change, despite years of trying, while others seem to remake themselves overnight. We visit laboratories where neuroscientists explore how habits work and where, exactly, they reside in our brains. We discover how the right habits were crucial to the success of Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps, Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz, and civil-rights hero Martin Luther King, Jr. We go inside Procter & Gamble, Target superstores, Rick Warren’s Saddleback Church, NFL locker rooms, and the nation’s largest hospitals and see how implementing so-called keystone habits can earn billions and mean the difference between failure and success, life and death.
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At its core, The Power of Habit contains an exhilarating argument: The key to exercising regularly, losing weight, raising exceptional children, becoming more productive, building revolutionary companies and social movements, and achieving success is understanding how habits work.
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Habits aren’t destiny. As Charles Duhigg shows, by harnessing this new science, we can transform our businesses, our communities, and our lives.
Praise for The Power of Habit
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“Sharp, provocative, and useful.”—Jim Collins
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“Few [books] become essential manuals for business and living. The Power of Habit is an exception. Charles Duhigg not only explains how habits are formed but how to kick bad ones and hang on to the good.”—Financial Times
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“A flat-out great read.”—David Allen, bestselling author of Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity
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“You’ll never look at yourself, your organization, or your world quite the same way.”—Daniel H. Pink, bestselling author of Drive and A Whole New Mind
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“Entertaining . . . enjoyable . . . fascinating . . . a serious look at the science of habit formation and change.”—The New York Times Book Review
- Sales Rank: #4641 in Books
- Brand: Random House
- Model: 24205334
- Published on: 2012-02-28
- Released on: 2012-02-28
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.50" h x 1.00" w x 6.50" l, 1.49 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 400 pages
Features
- by Charles Duhigg The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business
Amazon.com Review
A Q&A with Author Charles Duhigg
What sparked your interest in habits?
I first became interested in the science of habits eight years ago, as a newspaper reporter in Baghdad, when I heard about an army major conducting an experiment in a small town named Kufa.
The major had analyzed videotapes of riots and had found that violence was often preceded by a crowd of Iraqis gathering in a plaza and, over the course of hours, growing in size. Food vendors would show up, as well as spectators. Then, someone would throw a rock or a bottle.
When the major met with Kufa’s mayor, he made an odd request: Could they keep food vendors out of the plazas? Sure, the mayor said. A few weeks later, a small crowd gathered near the Great Mosque of Kufa. It grew in size. Some people started chanting angry slogans. At dusk, the crowd started getting restless and hungry. People looked for the kebab sellers normally filling the plaza, but there were none to be found. The spectators left. The chanters became dispirited. By 8 p.m., everyone was gone.
I asked the major how he had figured out that removing food vendors would change peoples' behavior.
The U.S. military, he told me, is one of the biggest habit-formation experiments in history. “Understanding habits is the most important thing I’ve learned in the army,” he said. By the time I got back to the U.S., I was hooked on the topic.
How have your own habits changed as a result of writing this book?
Since starting work on this book, I've lost about 30 pounds, I run every other morning (I'm training for the NY Marathon later this year), and I'm much more productive. And the reason why is because I've learned to diagnose my habits, and how to change them.
Take, for instance, a bad habit I had of eating a cookie every afternoon. By learning how to analyze my habit, I figured out that the reason I walked to the cafeteria each day wasn't because I was craving a chocolate chip cookie. It was because I was craving socialization, the company of talking to my colleagues while munching. That was the habit's real reward. And the cue for my behavior - the trigger that caused me to automatically stand up and wander to the cafeteria, was a certain time of day.
So, I reconstructed the habit: now, at about 3:30 each day, I absentmindedly stand up from my desk, look around for someone to talk with, and then gossip for about 10 minutes. I don't even think about it at this point. It's automatic. It's a habit. I haven't had a cookie in six months.
What was the most surprising use of habits that you uncovered?
The most surprising thing I've learned is how companies use the science of habit formation to study - and influence - what we buy.
Take, for example, Target, the giant retailer. Target collects all kinds of data on every shopper it can, including whether you’re married and have kids, which part of town you live in, how much money you earn, if you've moved recently, the websites you visit. And with that information, it tries to diagnose each consumer’s unique, individual habits.
Why? Because Target knows that there are these certain moments when our habits become flexible. When we buy a new house, for instance, or get married or have a baby, our shopping habits are in flux. A well-timed coupon or advertisement can convince us to buy in a whole new way. But figuring out when someone is buying a house or getting married or having a baby is tough. And if you send the advertisement after the wedding or the baby arrives, it’s usually too late.
So Target studies our habits to see if they can predict major life events. And the company is very, very successful. Oftentimes, they know what is going on in someone's life better than that person's parents.
Review
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NPR BESTSELLER • WASHINGTON POST BESTSELLER • LOS ANGELES TIMES BESTSELLER • USA TODAY BESTSELLER • PUBLISHERS WEEKLY BESTSELLER
“Sharp, provocative, and useful.”—Jim Collins
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“Few [books] become essential manuals for business and living. The Power of Habit is an exception. Charles Duhigg not only explains how habits are formed but how to kick bad ones and hang on to the good.”—Financial Times
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“A flat-out great read.”—David Allen, bestselling author of Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity
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“You’ll never look at yourself, your organization, or your world quite the same way.”—Daniel H. Pink, bestselling author of Drive and A Whole New Mind
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“Entertaining . . . enjoyable . . . fascinating . . . a serious look at the science of habit formation and change.”—The New York Times Book Review
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“Cue: see cover. Routine: read book. Reward: fully comprehend the art of manipulation.”—Bloomberg Businessweek
“A fresh examination of how routine behaviors take hold and whether they are susceptible to change . . . The stories that Duhigg has knitted together are all fascinating in their own right, but take on an added dimension when wedded to his examination of habits.”— Associated Press
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“There’s been a lot of research over the past several years about how our habits shape us, and this work is beautifully described in the new book The Power of Habit.”—David Brooks, The New York Times
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“A first-rate book—based on an impressive mass of research, written in a lively style and providing just the right balance of intellectual seriousness with practical advice on how to break our bad habits.”—The Economist
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“I have been spinning like a top since reading The Power of Habit, New York Times journalist Charles Duhigg’s fascinating best-seller about how people, businesses and organizations develop the positive routines that make them productive—and happy.”—The Washington Post
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“An absolutely fascinating . . . book [that explores] a startling and sometimes dismaying collision between the increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding of habits—how they’re formed, how they can be disrupted and changed—and, among other things, companies’ efforts to use that knowledge to steer your habits and money their way.”—Wired
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“If Duhigg is right about the nature of habits, which I think he is, then trying to get rid of these bad habits won’t work. Instead, what is needed is to teach the managers to identify the cues that lead to these bad habits and rewards, and then learn alternative routines that lead to similar rewards, i.e. business and personal success.”—Forbes
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“The Power of Habit is chock-full of fascinating anecdotes . . . how an early twentieth century adman turned Pepsodent into the first bestselling toothpaste by creating the habit of brushing daily, how a team of marketing mavens at Procter & Gamble rescued Febreze from the scrapheap of failed products by recognizing that a fresh smell was a fine reward for a cleaning task, how Michael Phelps’ coach instilled habits that made him an Olympic champion many times over, and how Tony Dungy turned the Indianapolis Colts into a Super Bowl–winning team.”—Los Angeles Times
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“Duhigg clearly knows that people do not like, or even buy, the idea that we’re not creatures of choice. He carefully explains each step of habit building, using science and—the best part—a slew of interesting anecdotes.”—The Seattle Times
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“Duhigg argues that much of our lives is ruled by unconscious habits, good and bad, but that by becoming consciously aware of the cues that trigger our habits and the rewards they provide, we can change bad practices into good ones.”—Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
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“Duhigg’s revelation that Target had developed a model to predict whether female customers were pregnant ignited a firestorm after an excerpt from his book, The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business, was published.”—USA Today
About the Author
Charles Duhigg is an investigative reporter for The New York Times. He is a winner of the National Academies of Sciences, National Journalism, and George Polk awards, and was part of a team of finalists for the 2009 Pulitzer Prize. He is a frequent contributor to This American Life, NPR, PBS NewsHour, and Frontline. A graduate of Harvard Business School and Yale College, he lives in Brooklyn with his wife and two kids.
Most helpful customer reviews
338 of 362 people found the following review helpful.
Three Chapters Worthwhile, The Rest is Filler
By Zalmorion the Fantastic
Only three chapters are both interesting and useful, but they all slow down when the author drags us through stories that could have been condensed into a few sentences or a couple paragraphs. Frustrating.
The science is interesting, but shallowly covered. Basically the book is one big series of stories about how people changed habits to succeed in life.
If you are looking for help yourself in this area, look elsewhere. The author offers a small bit of useful advice:
Basically, you look for the cues/triggers that are starting the routine/habit that you are not happy with but cannot seem to stop. Then you determine what is the reward you are getting. Are you eating the candy because of low blood sugar or because you eat with friends and need a chat or because you are nervous and it calms you, etc.?
Discovering the triggers and rewards takes time and introspection--all left up to you. The book cannot help you there.
But once you do, you change the routine/habit by force of will every time you encounter the cue/trigger, making sure that the reward is the same. The cue and reward must be the same. So, instead of eating candy, you just go chat with friends on purpose, or you eat a better form of food to satisfy low blood sugar, or whatever.
When you feel like engaging in the "bad" habit, ask yourself what you get out of the habit beyond the superficial and obvious. Then replace that habit with a new one you desire to do that gives you the same type of reward/outcome/feeling. Do this over and over until it becomes . . . a habit.
So, there you go. Saved you money. Unless you enjoy random success stories. Then the book is a good read for you.
I wish I had not purchased this book, but you live and learn.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A great framework of how basic habits work, showing some of its features
By Sokratis Anastasiadis
Charles Duhigg created a great book. A book that places a framework or foundation as to how our mind works within a part of our behavior: habits. Each chapter within the book brings new features of the elements of how habits works.
Chapter 1: Addresses the nature of how habits work if they were not able to be changed by illustrating a patient that cannot change its own habits due to some mental malfunction. This chapter is basically an appetizer for people to get more interested in the nature of how habit works, but for the hardcore minded, it also addresses a lot of philosophical questions about the nature of habits.
Chapter 2: Illustrates that habits cannot be created without a reward within. Most of the habits in here illustrate of concrete nature which most the average individual is only used to. It is definitely missing abstract rewards, such as the nature of understanding and piecing things together (i.e. using this book as a framework to replace bad habits to good habits), a craving scientists quench all day to get that dopamine rush. Abstract rewards gets covered much better within the book "the structure of scientific revolutions" by Thomas Kuhn.
Chapter 3: Discusses the topic of substituting habits that can achieve the same reward. It also discusses that overwhelming emotions can overwhelm habits to act on our cues and requires very strong faith to not become influenced by it. This correlates much with chapter 8, which discusses external ties, which represent Maslow's lower version of esteem. Instead, we should replace with a higher version of self esteem, which represents foundations independent of social ties. In contrast, what we see here is a fight between two overwhelming emotions, one with the the crowd in the stadium and the event importance, another with the bad news of the coach, the latter being more overwhelming, making the Colts win the game. If there is no foundations, then whatever strongly overwhelms us can aid or fight against our own habits.
Chapter 4: Here shows that acknowledging an implicit habit and transforming it to an explicit habit results other habits that are associated with to also change itself as well too. It seems when we see habits explicitly, in an empirical form, the more we are aware to differentiate and classify the difference between old and new habits.
Chapter 5: This Chapter talks how creating a plan for a new habit to replace an old habit makes it more likely we will act on the new habit.
Chapter 6: When failure shows that we have to replace an old habit with a new habit, this gives us the ability to either use the solutions discussed on Chapter 5 or instead just ignore and live with our old habits. The book Black Box Thinking by Matthew Syed dedicates the whole topic on this chapter alone. So if you are interested, I recommend to read that book.
Chapter 7: All previous chapters discussed how to change an old habit with a new habit "from our own self". What happens if we "influence someone else" to change a habit? Then doing it in a straightforward way will create emotional pain. When we do something that is not relevant, not a habit to our self, we don't "expect a reward" when we see the cue. In contrast, we see the reward immedietly when the actual reward emerges. Habits in contrast expect a specific reward from the start of the cue, it expects a consistent input. Habits can be engulfed through our beliefs and values. For that reason in this use case, we try to not emerge the cue with inconsistent input, such as violating privacy laws, as that will create emotional pain.
Chapter 8: This book really feels that it talks about Maslow's Self Esteem between low motives which are tied with low ties and high motives which are tied with foundations that make you independent of low ties, such as reading this book's framework and using it to fix existing habits instead having a psychotherapist to always depend for fixing them for you. Low ties are illustrated here with friends of friends. But there is another way to create low ties: clothes. The book "Mind what you wear" by Professor Karen J Pine details it.
Chapter 9: Using reference of chapter 8, we see that we have a choice whether we should submit to low ties created by the manipulation of our habits by the use of marketing made by companies or become independent by using foundations such as this book in order to not succumb upon them. This Chapter's story alone is just worth for every marketer to read. It touches the topics of ethics, how so many companies are tunnel visioned on creating a less social responsible world.
I think these concepts are hard to understand without reading the examples within the book. It is a great read and it will influence your life dramatically, trust me. I just have to give all my gratitude to Charles Duhigg creating a comprehensive book which successfully became one of the top best seller books. That means if I want to talk someone about the brain, if chances they have read this book, then I can use that as reference to discuss other topics that they are unfamiliar with something they are familiar with.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Fascinating, practical, informative
By Sandra L. Etemad
Extremely interesting! Duhigg includes really fascinating case studies throughout, but also throws in a lot of practical guidelines about how to use that information in your own life. One of those books that makes you want to start all over, or at least cherry-pick through it and read many sections of it again. The name pretty much says it all, but you'll learn a lot: for instance, I'm appalled at how people find a glass of water distasteful now, and instead want their own plastic bottle of water. All the studies say that tap water is almost always at least as healthy as bottled water, yet there you have it. And why? Because the advertising people were able to market bottled water in a way that facilitated completely new habits in people, and so now when I offer a pitcher of filtered water and ice cubes and a bunch of clean glasses, I might have one or two takers in a group of ten, but if I put out bottled water, at least twice that number will take it. No matter that it's trashing the planet -- once our habits were changed, these monstrosities were an integral feature of our lives, and I suspect that won't change until the landfills are so full that we just can't use them any more.
There are many such examples; the description of the Starbucks training method is fascinating, as are the many other examples of individuals and corporations. And believe me, stories of corporate behavior would not be high on my list of "must-read" books, but Duhigg makes his examples so interesting, so compelling, that once I picked it up, I'd not want to put it down, and end up reading for longer than I had planned. In fact, I still have this book on my "current reading" shelf because I want to pull it out again and review some sections again. There's a particularly useful appendix with an outline of steps to take to modify your own habitual behaviors -- at least, those you want to modify, since we could not function without habit. It would take up far too much of our brainpower if we didn't have habits -- another thing I learned from this book.
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